Economic Models: A Collection of Classics

Programs for the Mathematical and Graphical Analysis

Martin Skala

Professorship of International Economics

Growth

(long-run Macroeconomics)

Solow Model

PDF Model

The classic of exogeneous growth. Displays steady-state values of the economy. The inclusion of population growth and human capital is possible. Furthermore, a growth forecast of the next period can be provided after specifying an actual capital stock.

AK Model

PDF Model

Alias Harrod-Domar Model. A.k.a. Rebelo Model. Easy model of endogenous growth. Displays growth and growth p.C. rates. In addition, you can run an old school World Bank development policy by calculating the "financing gap" for a planned growth rate.

Growth and Convergence

PDF Model

Examine the crucial question for all catching-up economies: How long does the convergence process take? In addition, other calculations can be practiced with exponential growth: number of periods, growth rate, and rule of 72.

Collapse

PDF Model

How long does it take for a resource to be depleted? Set the growth rate of depletion per period, the dynamic range is calculated and you can graphically follow the increasing decay. In addition, societal collapse can also be modeled.

Inequality

PDF Model

For your quintile data, the Lorenz curve is shown and the Gini coefficient is calculated. You can specify percentage or absolute values.

Business Cycle

(short-run Macroeconomics)

Business Cycle Model

PDF Model

Neoclassical-Keynesian synthesis: Goods Market (Keynesian Cross), Production Function, and Labour Market can be analysed simultaneously. Demand-driven model with stable disequilibria. Shows the steady-state values of the economy for your choice of aggregate demand, production function and labour supply. Output gaps, unemployment and required fiscal policies are also calculated.

New-Keynesian Model

PDF Model

A particular strength is the link between inflation and output in a dynamized Phillips curve. The central bank conducts interest rate policy. Supply shock: Analyze the monetary policy trade-off between output and inflation stabilization (loss function). The program calculates the two policy rates necessary for each individual objective. Of course, you can also examine a demand shock (without a trade- off) or additionally conduct fiscal policy.

Friedman-Phelps Model

PDF Model

Classic damper for excessive hopes in monetary policy. Adjustable inflation expectations and natural unemployment prevent a lasting influence of monetary "tricks" on the economy. You can prescribe five inputs and analyse how short-term real effects (along a short-term Philips curve) dissolve.

IS-LM Model

PDF Model

The classic of old-school macroeconomics: goods and money markets, which can be steered via fiscal and monetary policy. Monetary policy here means money supply control. Insert a shock and analyze how the two macro policies could help. The program calculates necessary values for the money supply, government expenditures and taxes.

AS-AD Model (D-Shock)

PDF Model

The AS curve as a price level-based Phillips curve. For a demand shock, P and Y are calculated at five points in time to be able to highlight three cases: 1. "Keynesian sticky prices", 2. standard, 3. "rational expectations". Furthermore, you can interactively analyse the back and forth between price changes and adjustments of price expectations.

AS-AD Model (S-Shock)

PDF Model

The AS curve as a price level-based Phillips curve. For a supply shock, P and Y are calculated at five points in time. Stabilization policies are faced with a trade-off between stabilizing the output or the price level. The alternative scenario "variable full employment output" is also presented.

International Economics

Ricardo Model

PDF Model

The classic of international economics. In addition to the usual results such as comparative cost advantages and transformation curves, here you can quickly discover by changing the world market price why trade is potentially conflict-laden (although "everyone wins") and which five different scenarios should be distinguished.

Interest Rate Parity (CIP, UIP)

PDF Model

The interest rate as a determinant of the exchange rate. Enter the domestic and foreign interest rate as well as the spot rate and obtain the forward rate and the swap rate for the covered interest rate parity (CIP), and the expected rate of change of the exchange rate for the uncovered interest rate parity (UIP) respectively. Appreciation and depreciation expectations are also displayed.

Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)

PDF Model

The price level as a determinant of the exchange rate. You will receive the purchasing power parity exchange rate e (PPP) after inserting price levels (absolute PPP) or inflation rates (relative PPP). Specify an actual exchange rate (not equal to e PPP) and the program also calculates appreciation/depreciation expectations as well as the arbitrage of goods.

Viner Model

PDF Model

Is a free trade area advantageous over a unilateral tariff policy? In this 3-country model, you can analyze trade creation and trade diversion. If you switch off the 3rd country, you can work with a standard trade model that allows a welfare comparison "import or export tariffs vs. free trade".

Microeconomics

Polypoly vs. Monopoly

PDF Model

The compulsory program in the 1st semester of economics or business administration: the two classics of market and price theory. For your task, prices, quantities, welfare areas as well as the welfare loss are shown and calculated.

Externality and Tax

PDF Model

A classic of microeconomic policy: with a Pigou tax you can try to internalize negative externalities. The welfare areas are shown. Of course, it is also possible to analyze how the change in a "normal" tax affects tax revenues.

Finance

Leverage Effect

PDF Model

Why can the return on equity be increased with rising debt? This is where you can pull the lever, shed light on the relationship and also see why the central bank also has something to say about it. Opportunities and threats quickly become graphically apparent.

Net Present Value

PDF Model

Learn how to calculate the net present value of an investment. The increasing influence of discounting on the net present value is shown graphically. By changing the interest rate, you can see how the central bank can influence investment demand.

Vademecums

Complete Collection of Classics

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Here you can get the whole collection of profiles of "Economic Models: A Collection of Classics" with all descriptions and references in one document.

Math Survival Course

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Don't be afraid of math! In this script on "Functions and Differential Calculus" you will learn the most important survival techniques from y = x to Lagrange.